Dermoscopy is a non-invasive and painless diagnostic method that allows visualization of skin structures not visible to the naked eye, using a device called a dermatoscope. It enables observation of structures in the epidermis, dermoepidermal junction, and superficial dermis.
Dermoscopy relies on fundamental morphological patterns (the “dermoscopic alphabet”) that help dermatologists make accurate diagnoses. Proper training and continuous education in dermoscopy are essential for reliable interpretation.
Most people imagine a mole as a dark brown skin lesion, but moles can vary greatly in appearance. They may appear anywhere on the skin, individually or in groups, and differ in shape and color. Their brown color comes from melanin, a pigment produced by melanocytes.
Exposure to UV radiation increases the number of moles and can darken them.
Most moles are benign and harmless, but some require attention—especially those that change in size, shape, or color, or those that bleed, itch, or become painful. In such cases, dermoscopic examination is recommended.
Based on dermoscopy findings, further monitoring (annual or more frequent follow-up) or surgical excision with histopathological analysis may be advised.
Dermoscopy improves early detection of melanoma compared to standard clinical examination. Each year, more new cases of skin cancer are diagnosed than all other cancers combined.
You should consult a dermatologist if you notice changes in a mole, such as asymmetry, irregular borders, color changes, increase in size, bleeding, or itching.
Routine mole examination is recommended once a year, or more frequently for high-risk patients, as advised by a dermatologist.
Digital dermoscopy allows monitoring of suspicious moles over time. During each examination, images are stored and compared with previous ones. If changes are detected, removal may be recommended.
Advantages of digital dermoscopy include:
• standardized mole assessment at each visit
• monitoring changes over time
• detailed analysis of structure, shape and color
• photo documentation to support decisions on surgical removal
