Alopecia, or hair loss, can occur in different ways depending on the cause. It may develop suddenly or gradually and can affect only the scalp or the entire body. Sudden hair loss may indicate an underlying medical condition that requires treatment. Alopecia can be temporary or permanent.
• Gradual thinning on the top of the head – androgenic alopecia
This is the most common type of hair loss and occurs in both men and women, depending on age. It usually develops gradually in predictable patterns. In men, hair often recedes from the forehead in an M-shaped pattern. Women typically retain the frontal hairline, while thinning is more pronounced on the sides of the scalp.
• Patchy hair loss – alopecia areata
This type of alopecia is characterized by hair loss in round patches, usually the size of a coin. It typically affects the scalp but can also appear on the beard or eyebrows. In some cases, the skin may itch or become painful before hair falls out.
• Sudden hair thinning
Physical or emotional stress can cause hair to fall out. Strands of hair may shed during combing or washing, or even after gently running your fingers through your hair. This type usually leads to overall thinning rather than complete hair loss.
• Full-body hair loss
Certain diseases and medical treatments, such as chemotherapy for cancer, can cause hair loss across the entire body. Hair usually grows back after treatment ends.
Risk factors for alopecia most commonly include genetic predisposition and hormonal changes, such as those occurring after pregnancy, during menopause, or in thyroid disorders.
You should consult your doctor if you notice sudden or patchy hair loss, or more hair shedding than usual. Sudden hair loss may signal an underlying medical condition that requires treatment. Diagnosis is based on medical history, clinical examination and laboratory tests to determine the underlying cause.
Treatment depends on the type of alopecia. For androgenic alopecia, products containing 2% minoxidil are commonly used. Treatment of alopecia areata includes local and systemic corticosteroids, as well as PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) therapy.
Patient education about the condition is essential for successful treatment. Patients should be informed about potential contributing factors such as dental infections, chronic recurrent sinusitis, tonsillitis, stress, lack of sleep, and similar conditions. Alopecia is a condition that does not endanger overall health.
