Candidiasis is caused by a fungus from the Candida genus in the human body. In many people, it exists as a normal (physiological) condition, but under certain circumstances—such as a weakened immune system—it can cause infections.
The manifestation of Candida on the skin depends on the balance between the patient’s immune system and the invasive capacity of the fungus. The most common species causing skin infections is Candida albicans. It can occur at any age but is most common in infants and the elderly.
Candida can affect the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs.
• Intertriginous candidiasis
Occurs in skin folds where surfaces rub together, such as the armpits, under the breasts, groin, abdominal folds, and between the fingers. It presents as redness with scaling at the edges and itching.
• Oral candidiasis
Characterized by whitish deposits on a dark red, shiny mucosa of the tongue, spreading to the inner cheeks and soft and hard palate. It often occurs due to poorly fitting dentures and gum irritation.
• Paronychia and onychomycosis caused by Candida
These involve smooth, shiny swelling around the nail. The entire nail may undergo changes, becoming thickened and brittle.
• Systemic candidiasis
The most severe form, occurring in patients with significantly weakened immune systems. It can affect any organ, most commonly the lungs, heart (endocarditis), bloodstream (sepsis and central nervous system (meningitis).
Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and confirmed through microbiological analysis of appropriate skin or mucosal samples.
Treatment may be local (antifungal creams, ointments, solutions, sprays) or systemic (oral antifungal tablets or solutions). The doctor will determine the most appropriate therapy.
Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, keeping skin folds dry, avoiding excessive moisture, strengthening the immune system and using antibiotics only when necessary and as prescribed.
